{"id":16931,"date":"2020-10-05T18:34:03","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T16:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/almanimal.com\/?p=16931"},"modified":"2020-10-05T18:34:07","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T16:34:07","slug":"migration-des-papillons-monarques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/almanimal.com\/fr\/curiosites\/migration-des-papillons-monarques\/","title":{"rendered":"La myst\u00e9rieuse migration des papillons monarques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Plusieurs d\u00e9cennies se sont \u00e9coul\u00e9es depuis la myst\u00e9rieuse migration des papillons<\/a> Le monarque du Canada au Mexique attire l'attention des scientifiques du monde entier<\/strong>. La raison de cette curiosit\u00e9 est que les raisons pour lesquelles ces insectes ont entrepris un si long voyage \u00e9taient inconnues, et qu'aucun autre l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8re n'\u00e9tait connu pour parcourir une aussi longue distance. Mais apr\u00e8s vingt ans de recherches, le secret a enfin \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 - lisez la suite !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelle est la raison de la migration des papillons monarques ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Afin de d\u00e9couvrir les raisons de la migration des papillons monarques, un grand nombre d'entre eux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9s pour suivre leur vol pendant plus de 20 ans. Apr\u00e8s avoir analys\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es de ces voyages, les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert ce que les monarques font. peut les d\u00e9clencher : l'angle du soleil de midi, qui change au fil du temps et \u00e0 mesure que l'on s'approche de l'\u00e9quateur.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce \"facteur environnemental critique\" semble \u00e9galement aider les monarques \u00e0 planifier leurs d\u00e9placements quotidiens et la fin de leur migration d'automne<\/strong>explique Steven Reppert, neurobiologiste \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine de l'universit\u00e9 du Massachusetts \u00e0 Worcester, qui \u00e9tudie les migrations des monarques, bien qu'il n'ait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9 dans ce travail. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La migration annuelle des monarques (Danaus plexippus<\/em>) des \u00c9tats-Unis et de l'est du Canada jusqu'\u00e0 une petite r\u00e9gion du sud-ouest du Mexique a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 difficile \u00e0 comprendre. Il y a dix ans, des \u00e9tudes en laboratoire et sur le terrain ont montr\u00e9 que les Ces papillons poss\u00e8dent une horloge interne dans leurs antennes qui leur permet de s'orienter en fonction des mouvements horizontaux du soleil.<\/strong>. Mais personne ne sait ce qui a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 leur voyage, ni comment ils se d\u00e9placent au quotidien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"myst\u00e9rieuse<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Des volontaires pour suivre la migration des papillons monarques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Afin d'\u00e9tudier ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne en profondeur, une organisation \u00e0 but non lucratif appel\u00e9e Surveillance des monarques<\/a> a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 distribuer des autocollants de la taille de l'ongle d'un petit doigt pour des milliers de b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, qui les ont pos\u00e9es sur les monarques volant dans leur r\u00e9gion et ont enregistr\u00e9 les dates et les lieux de chaque \u00e9tiquette.<\/strong>. Le programme a \u00e9t\u00e9 promu par l'universit\u00e9 du Kansas \u00e0 Lawrence, qui l'a lanc\u00e9 en 1992. Une fois les papillons arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 destination, dans le sud-ouest du Mexique, des volontaires ont recherch\u00e9 les \u00e9tiquettes. Au total, ils en ont recueilli plus de 13 000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sachant que le soleil influence le vol des papillons, les chercheurs ont calcul\u00e9 l'angle du soleil de midi \u00e0 l'endroit o\u00f9 le marquage avait eu lieu. En supposant que le marquage a eu lieu vers le d\u00e9but de la migration - puisque les observateurs ont commenc\u00e9 leur travail d\u00e8s qu'ils ont rep\u00e9r\u00e9 les premiers migrants - les chercheurs ont calcul\u00e9 l'angle du soleil de midi \u00e0 l'endroit o\u00f9 le marquage a eu lieu. ont constat\u00e9 que la plupart des monarques prenaient leur envol lorsque l'angle du soleil \u00e9tait d'environ 57\u00b0 au-dessus de l'horizon \u00e0 midi, quel que soit leur point de d\u00e9part.<\/strong>. Il semble qu'il y ait une fen\u00eatre d'opportunit\u00e9 pour le vol lorsque le soleil de midi se situe entre 57\u00b0 et 48\u00b0, notent les auteurs de l'\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais il appara\u00eet \u00e9galement que les monarques poursuivent leur voyage en fonction de l'angle du soleil.<\/strong>. En analysant statistiquement o\u00f9 et quand le marquage a eu lieu, l'\u00e9quipe a calcul\u00e9 que les papillons acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent, passant d'environ 17 kilom\u00e8tres par jour plus au nord \u00e0 environ 47 kilom\u00e8tres par jour au milieu de la migration<\/strong>. Puis, plus au sud, ils ont de nouveau ralenti pour atteindre 17 kilom\u00e8tres par jour. Ce sch\u00e9ma suit la fa\u00e7on dont l'angle du soleil change du nord au sud.<\/strong>et correspond aux vitesses pr\u00e9dites par une autre \u00e9tude bas\u00e9e sur les \"perchoirs\" nocturnes des monarques, o\u00f9 ils se regroupent dans les arbres pour se reposer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'angle du soleil, un facteur d\u00e9terminant dans le processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les nouvelle \u00e9tude<\/a> ajoute une pi\u00e8ce importante au puzzle de la migration des papillons et de leur d\u00e9clin potentiel. Au cours des deux derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, le nombre de monarques en migration a connu d'importantes fluctuations, ce qui a fait craindre leur disparition. Lorsque Taylor et ses coll\u00e8gues ont examin\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es des \u00e9tiquettes r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es au Mexique, ils ont conclu que Les monarques qui commencent plus tard en automne - lorsque le soleil est \u00e0 un angle plus faible - ont moins de chances de survivre.<\/strong> Les ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 les d\u00e9parts tardifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreux, par exemple, tr\u00e8s peu de papillons marqu\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9s au Mexique et les populations y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plus faibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, le fait de d\u00e9terminer le bon moment pour que les migrations commencent avec succ\u00e8s pourrait aider les d\u00e9fenseurs de l'environnement \u00e0 \u00e9valuer comment les facteurs externes - y compris le changement climatique - affectent les monarques <\/strong>dans ce voyage p\u00e9rilleux.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, la myst\u00e9rieuse migration des papillons monarques du Canada au Mexique attire l'attention des scientifiques du monde entier. Cette curiosit\u00e9 s'explique par le fait que les raisons pour lesquelles ces insectes ont entrepris un si long voyage \u00e9taient inconnues, et qu'aucun autre l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8re n'est connu pour voyager ... Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":16932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1430],"tags":[1468,1752,2239,2241],"class_list":["post-16931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curiosidades","tag-curiosidades","tag-mariposas","tag-mariposas-monarca","tag-migraciones-animales"],"yoast_head":"\nLas misteriosa migraci\u00f3n de las mariposas monarca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfQuieres saber cu\u00e1l es el motivo que se esconde tras la migraci\u00f3n de las mariposas monarca que se produce cada oto\u00f1o? \u00a1Sigue leyendo!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/almanimal.com\/fr\/curiosites\/migration-des-papillons-monarques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Las misteriosa migraci\u00f3n de las mariposas monarca\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfQuieres saber cu\u00e1l es el motivo que se esconde tras la migraci\u00f3n de las mariposas monarca que se produce cada oto\u00f1o? 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